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''Duck test'' is a humorous term for a form of abductive reasoning. This is its usual expression: The test implies that a person can identify an unknown subject by observing that subject's habitual characteristics. It is sometimes used to counter abstruse, or even valid, arguments that something is not what it appears to be. == History == Indiana poet James Whitcomb Riley (1849–1916) may have coined the phrase when he wrote: The more common wording of the phrase may have originated much later with Emil Mazey, secretary-treasurer of the United Auto Workers, at a labor meeting in 1946 accusing a person of being a communist: The term was later popularized in the United States by Richard Cunningham Patterson Jr., United States ambassador to Guatemala during the Cold War in 1950, who used the phrase when he accused the Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán government of being Communist. Patterson explained his reasoning as follows: Later references to the duck test include Cardinal Richard Cushing's, who used the phrase in 1964 in reference to Fidel Castro.〔 ''"Attributed to Richard Cardinal Cushing. Everett Dirksen and Herbert V. Prochnow, Quotation Finder, p. 55 (1971). Unverified."''〕 Douglas Adams parodied this test in his book ''Dirk Gently's Holistic Detective Agency'': A claimed recent application of the duck test was the denial of tax exempt "nonprofit" status to Blue Shield of California. The Liskov Substitution Principle in computer science is sometimes expressed as a counter-example to the duck test: Russian Minister of Foreign Affairs Sergey Lavrov used a version of the Duck Test in 2015 in response to allegations that Russian airstrikes in Syria were not targeting terrorist groups, primarily ISIS, but rather West-supported groups such as the Free Syrian Army. When asked to elaborate his definition of 'terrorist groups', he replied: 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Duck test」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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